@article { ISI:000232801900001,
	title = {Characterization of barium titanate: BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics prepared from sol-gel derived BT powders},
	journal = {Journal of Electroceramics},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {103-108},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	type = {Article},
	address = {VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Sol-gel synthesis was attempted at room temperature by adding drop wise a clear solution (made by reacting BaCO3 with glacial acetic acid) to an equi-molar solution of titanium tetrabutoxide in isopropanol (IPA) and acetic acid. The gelation occurred within 30 minutes. The as-dried gel was calcined at 750 degrees C/6 h in air to obtain carbon free BaTiO3 powders. The resulting BT powders were further pressed into pellets and sintered at 1280 degrees C/4 h in air to get dense ceramics (density similar to 94\%). XRD and SEM techniques were used for phase and microstructure analysis respectively. The room temperature relative permittivity (e) of 1280 increased to 7200 (at Curie temperature of 127 degrees C) at 1 kHz frequency. The dissipation factor (tan delta) similar to 1.6\% was observed in these samples. Also, the ferroelectric properties such as spontaneous polarization (Ps similar to 13 mu C/cm(2)), coercive field (E-c similar to 4.0 kV/cm) and dielectric strength (similar to 34 kV/cm) are estimated for these samples. These performance parameters are compared with the available standard data from the literature.</p>},
	keywords = {barium titanate, ferroelectricity, Microstructure, relative permittivity, sol-gel processing},
	issn = {1385-3449},
	doi = {10.1007/s10832-005-1460-7},
	author = {Deshpande, S. B. and Godbole, P. D. and Khollam, Y. B. and Potdar, H. S.}
}
@article { ISI:000284238000010,
	title = {Fabrication of homogeneous nanoparticle/nanoneedle BaTiO3 and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 smooth thin films by simple dip coating},
	journal = {International Journal of Nanotechnology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {9-12, SI},
	year = {2010},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {919-931},
	publisher = {INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD},
	address = {WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BSTO) thin film materials have been successfully prepared by sol-gel processing and simple dip coating on glass and silicon supports. Above thin films were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Phase identification of BaTiO3 and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 was performed by XRD. XRD and Raman spectroscopy investigations demonstrate that thc Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 film exhibits tetragonal structure. AFM analysis demonstrates the elongated nanospherical particles on glass substrate and nanowires on silicon substrate, which represent a strong influence of the crystallinity of underlying substrate on the grain morphology in this technique. The thin films on both the substrates are uniformly coated without any pinhole to significant area (similar to 2.5 cm(2)), and this method might be extended to large area uniform coating. Spectroscopic ellipsometric measurements reveal the exact thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin films.</p>},
	keywords = {barium strontium titanate, barium titanate, dip coating, fabrication, ferroelectric material, large area coating, nanotechnology, thin film},
	issn = {1475-7435},
	author = {Saini, Mamta and Vivekanand, K. and Poddar, Pankaj and Murty, K. V. G. K. and Thushara, K. S. and Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.}
}
