02325nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241300001200249490000600261520128000267653002301547653001701570653001701587653002401604653002201628653002801650100001601678700003401694700001501728700001801743700001801761700002401779700002401803700003101827700002701858856012601885 2020 eng d a2365-709X00aUltrahigh sensitive carbon-based conducting rubbers for flexible and wearable human-machine intelligence sensing0 aUltrahigh sensitive carbonbased conducting rubbers for flexible  cDEC a20006900 v53 a

The wearable strain sensors with multifunctional applications can fuel the rapid development of human-machine intelligence for various sectors like healthcare, soft robotics, and Internet of Things applications. However, achieving the low-cost and mass production of wearable sensors with ultra-high performance remains challenging. Herein, a simple, cost-effective, and scalable methodology to fabricate the flexible and highly sensitive strain sensors using carbon black and latex rubbers (LR) is presented. The LR-based strain sensor demonstrates excellent flexibility, fast response (approximate to 600 ms), ultra-high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of 1.2 x 10(4) at 250% strain), and long-term stability over 1000 cycles. The LR-based strain sensors are sensitive to monitor subtle human motions such as heart pulse rate and voice recognition along with high-strain human joint operations. Additionally, the sensing mechanism of LR bands is investigated by surface topographies and electromechanical response under various strained/unstrained conditions. Further, a smart glove-based sensor module made of LR strain bands with an Arduino reader for the human-machine intelligence device for non-verbal communication in military applications is demonstrated.

10aconducting rubbers10agauge factor10ahuman&\#821110amachine interfacing10avoice recognition10awearable strain sensors1 aAjeev, Arya1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aAli, Ashik1 aModak, Mrudul1 aPatil, Shreya1 aKhatua, Saumyakanta1 aRamadoss, Marimuthu1 aKothavade, Premkumar, Anil1 aArulraj, Arul, Kashmir uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/ultrahigh-sensitive-carbon-based-conducting-rubbers-flexible-and-wearable-human-machine03404nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245021300055210006900268260000800337300001600345490000800361520247400369100002702843700002202870700003402892700001802926700001902944700002602963700003002989700002703019856012803046 2020 eng d a1932-744700aUnsymmetrical squaraine dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: position of the anchoring group controls the orientation and self-assembly of sensitizers on the TiO2 surface and modulates its flat band potential0 aUnsymmetrical squaraine dyes for dyesensitized solar cells posit cAUG a18436-184510 v1243 a

The position of the anchoring group is systematically changed with a series of alkyl group wrapped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) based squaraine dyes, 4-SQ to 7-SQ, for the use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By this approach, the orientation as well as the self-assembly of the sensitizers can be controlled on the semiconducting TiO2 surface. All of the dyes functionalized with hydrophobic alkyl groups at sp(3)-C and N atoms of the indoline units that is far away from the TiO2 surface to control the self-assembly of dyes and passivate the surface. Controlling both the orientation as well as the self-assembly of the sensitizers synergistically enhances the V-oc of the DSSC device by imparting the dipole moment on the TiO2 surface and minimizing the interfacial charge recombination process of electrons from TiO2 to the oxidized electrolyte, respectively. Further, the presence of a meta-carboxyl group with respect to the N atom of the indoline donor unit for the dyes 4-SQ and 6-SQ makes them nonconductive for the charge injection process, which sheds light on the importance of through-space electron transfer for the device performance. Emission from the relaxed twisted state was found to be a deactivation pathway for 4-SQ on TiO2 and ZrO2, which revealed the importance of structural factors that promote spatial interaction between the sensitizer and metal oxide surface. Computational studies showed the systematic changes in the dipole moment for the sensitizers 4-SQ, 5-SQ, and 6-SQ upon anchoring to the TiO2 surface. The DSSC device performance varied with the position of anchoring groups in the sensitizers. The DSSC device performance of 5-SQ indicates a J(sc) value of 11.35 mA cm(-2), V-oc of 0.698 V, and ff of 77% corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 6.08% in the presence of 3 equiv of coadsorbent CDCA, which is nearly 1.5 times higher than 6-SQ (V-oc 0.7 V, J(sc) 7.76 mA cm(-2), ff 76%, and eta 4.14%) and 2.6 times higher than 4-SQ (V-oc 0.658 V, J(sc) 4.42 mA cm(-2), ff 78%, and eta 2.28%). IPCE studies revealed the importance of orientation for the charge injection and self-assembly of dyes, as devices with 5-SQ and 6-SQ as a sensitizer showed 94 and 77% response at 578 nm, respectively, which correspond to the aggregated structure of the dye. Mott-Schottky and IPCE experiments showed that the orientation of sensitizers could modulate the V-oc due to the shift in the flat band potential of TiO2.

1 aSingh, Ambarish, Kumar1 aMaibam, Ashakiran1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aBisht, Rajesh1 aKudlu, Ashwath1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam1 aNithyanandhan, Jayaraj uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/unsymmetrical-squaraine-dyes-dye-sensitized-solar-cells-position-anchoring-group-controls02530nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260000900270300001100279490000800290520160100298653002501899653000901924653001801933653001501951653001701966100002701983700002102010700003402031700002502065700002202090700002802112856012402140 2021 eng d a0014-305700aPartially bio-based triarylamine-containing polyimides: synthesis, characterization and evaluation in non-volatile memory device applications0 aPartially biobased triarylaminecontaining polyimides synthesis c cMAR  a1103270 v1473 a

A new triarylamine-containing diamine, viz. 4, 4'-diamino-4 `' pentadecyltriphenylamine was synthesised starting from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) - a non-edible by-product of cashew processing industry. Three new partially bio-based triarylamine-containing polyimides were synthesised by one-step high temperature solution poly-condensation of 4, 4'-diamino-4 `' pentadecyltriphenylamine with aromatic dianhydrides, namely, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and 4,4'-(hexa-fluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA). Polyimides were determined to be of reasonably high molecular weights as inherent viscosity and number average molecular weights (M-n, Polystyrene standard) values were in the range 0.54-0.60 dL g(-1) and 26,800-43,500 g mol(-1), respectively. Polyimides exhibited excellent solubility in common organic solvents and film-forming nature along with reasonably good thermal properties as indicated by temperature for 10% weight loss (T-10) and glass transition temperatures (T-g) which were in the range 418-447 and 165-225 degrees C, respectively. The optical and electrochemical band-gap values were in the range of 1.95-1.98 eV and 1.671-1.745 eV, respectively. Among triarylamine-containing polyimide devices, BPDA-based device showed acceptable current-voltage and non-volatile memory properties such as the endurance of 500 cycles and 1000 s of retention time. The conduction mechanism developed in the memory devices was also explored and was found to follow Ohmic and Schottky conduction mechanisms.

10aBio-based polyimides10aCNSL10aMemory device10apentadecyl10aTriarylamine1 aChatterjee, Deepshikha1 aJadhav, Uday, A.1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aDongale, Tukaram, D.1 aPatil, Pramod, S.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/partially-bio-based-triarylamine-containing-polyimides-synthesis-characterization-and02029nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260000800233490000600241520111800247653002201365653002701387653003101414653001701445653003201462100002701494700002401521700003401545700001801579700003001597700002701627856012101654 2023 eng d a2367-093200aModular TiO2-squaraine dyes/electrolyte interface for dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt electrolyte0 aModular TiO2squaraine dyeselectrolyte interface for dyesensitize cAPR0 v73 a

Strategies to diminish both charge recombination and aggregation of dyes on the photoanode by functionalizing the sensitizer with alkyl groups is the best approach to achieve high dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency. Development of such a photoanode with NIR-active dyes which is compatible with a cobalt electrolyte is important to enhance the photovoltaic performance. In this report, alkyl-group-wrapped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) based unsymmetrical squaraine dyes have been used for DSSC device characterization with a cobalt electrolyte. Surface passivation of photoanode was varied systematically by the extent of functionalization with alkyl groups to avoid charge recombination. DSSC device performance of 5.92% was achieved for an alkyl-group-wrapped squaraine dye with a cobalt electrolyte. Hence, appending the alkyl groups on the donor unit of squaraine dyes helps passivating the photoanode, whereas introducing hydrophilic groups provides a leaky surface where oxidized electrolyte species reach the titanium-metal-oxide surface which promotes the charge recombination process.

10acounter-electrode10aDSSC device efficiency10aDye-sensitized solar cells10aElectrolytes10aunsymmetrical squaraine dye1 aSingh, Ambarish, Kumar1 aSudhakar, Vediappan1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aBisht, Rajesh1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam1 aNithyanandhan, Jayaraj uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/modular-tio2-squaraine-dyeselectrolyte-interface-dye-sensitized-solar-cells-cobalt02297nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000800249300001400257490000600271520142600277653002201703653001101725653002801736653001501764653002501779653002001804100002101824700003401845700002301879700003001902856012301932 2023 eng d00aOrganic field effect transistors comprising copolymers synthesized without structure-directing moieties with enhanced carrier mobility0 aOrganic field effect transistors comprising copolymers synthesiz cAPR a2338-23440 v53 a

Conjugated materials are synthesized by C-C bond formation reactions. Trimethyltin and boronic acid are two widely used structure-directing moieties. While using the ethynyl moiety as a part of the monomer, additional structure-directing moieties are not needed. However, ethynylene will be part of the conjugated material. Often, the polymers with an ethynylene moiety negatively impact the polymers' properties. However, the ethynylene moiety could minimize the dihedral angle if the monomer has steric functionalities. For example, BODIPY is an attractive monomer due to its high molar extinction coefficient, partial quinoidal character, and high quantum yield. However, materials based on BODIPY exhibited poor charge carrier mobility due to steric hindrance generated by four methyl groups. Herein, we copolymerize BODIPY with ethynylene comprising i-indigo and thieno-i-indigo. The copolymer with thieno-i-indigo showed increased molecular weight and significantly reduced band gap compared to the copolymer with i-indigo. The copolymer with i-indigo showed immeasurably low hole transport mobility. On the other hand, the copolymer with thieno-i-indigo exhibited 0.003 cm2V(-1) s(-1). These measurements were made using field effect transistors. We also measured the charge carrier mobility using the space charge-limited current method. Both copolymers exhibited a mobility of 10(-3) cm(2) V-1 s(-1).

10aacetylene linkage10aBODIPY10afield effect transistor10aiso-indigo10aSonogashira coupling10athienoisoindigo1 aSwain, Gitanjali1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aDambhare, Neha, V.1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/organic-field-effect-transistors-comprising-copolymers-synthesized-without-structure00966nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000900244490000700253653001900260653001900279653002400298653002800322653002300350100001600373700002800389700003400417700002800451700002500479700002000504700003000524700001900554856012700573 2024 eng d a1433-785100aMOFite: a high-density lithiophilic and scalable metal-organic framework anode for rechargeable lithium-ion battery0 aMOFite a highdensity lithiophilic and scalable metalorganic fram cOCT 0 v6310aconjugated MOF10aEnergy storage10alithium ion battery10aMetal-organic framework10ascalable synthesis1 aGaber, Safa1 aMohammed, Abdul, Khayum1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aMartinez, Jose, Ignacio1 aSanchez, Pilar, Pena1 aGandara, Felipe1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam1 aShetty, Dinesh uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/mofite-high-density-lithiophilic-and-scalable-metal-organic-framework-anode-rechargeable02491nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260000800284300001400292490000700306520172000313100002402033700003402057700002502091700002002116700003002136856013102166 2024 eng d a0024-929700aShuttle balance between lithiophilic functionalities substituted on conjugated polymers to improve lithium-ion diffusion and cycling stability of batteries0 aShuttle balance between lithiophilic functionalities substituted cAUG a7830-78400 v573 a

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of i-Indigo and trans-1,2-di(2-thienyl)ethylene (TVT) comprising copolymers with various side chains that are used as anode-cum-binder in Li-ion batteries. The TVT disrupts the crystallinity, and the i-Indigo renders the handle for unsymmetrical substitution. Polymer P1 comprises alkyl chains on i-Indigo, whereas P2 comprises an alkyl chain and a chain with a urethane moiety as another side chain. Polymer P3 comprises i-Indigo with a urethane moiety and triethylene glycol as side chains. The i-Indigo in P4 is substituted with triethylene glycol and alkyl chains as side chains. These polymers were found to be amorphous with pi-pi stacking due to the extremely small torsional angle imparted by TVT moieties. All of these polymers showed comparable specific capacity while used as an anode in Li-ion batteries due to the presence of a common conjugated backbone. However, the battery metrics varied significantly while the current density of the batteries varied between 0.1 and 2.0 A g(-1). P1 and P2 showed a very close recovery of specific capacity at 0.1 A g(-1) before and after various current densities. However, polymers P3 and P4 did not recover from the specific capacity fading due to the presence of triethylene glycol side chain that degraded. Polymer P2 with an alkyl side chain and a chain with a urethane moiety showed stable performance over 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Contrary to this, the stability of polymers with triethylene glycol side chains decreased over 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Polymer P2 with a urethane side chain also showed improved Li-ion diffusion because the urethane moiety facilitated better Li-ion transport.

1 aKargude, Radhakisan1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aPalani, Sathishkumar1 aSingh, Anup, K.1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/shuttle-balance-between-lithiophilic-functionalities-substituted-conjugated-polymers-improve00944nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260000900257300001600266490000700282653001700289653003200306653003400338100003400372700002400406700002100430700002300451700002600474700002100500700002300521700003000544856011600574 2024 eng d a1944-824400aSynergistic effect of lactam and pyridine nitrogen on polysulfide chemisorption and electrocatalysis in lithium sulfur batteries0 aSynergistic effect of lactam and pyridine nitrogen on polysulfid cAUG  a42059-420680 v1610aLi-S battery10aphenyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole10apyridine-diketopyrrolopyrrole1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aKargude, Radhakisan1 aBirajdar, Sarika1 aShivankar, Bhavana1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aJones, Lathe, A.1 aCaruso, Rachel, A.1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/synergistic-effect-lactam-and-pyridine-nitrogen-polysulfide-chemisorption-and02394nas a2200289 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199260000800268490000700276520133300283653002501616653003201641653002701673653001701700653002401717100003801741700003401779700001601813700002201829700001801851700001901869700002001888700001801908700003001926700001901956856012901975 2025 eng d00aHeteroatom-synergistic effect on anchoring polysulfides in chalcone-linked nanographene covalent organic frameworks for high-performance Li―S batteries0 aHeteroatomsynergistic effect on anchoring polysulfides in chalco cAPR0 v123 a

Lithium-sulfur (Li & horbar;S) batteries are an attractive option for future energy storage devices because they offer higher theoretical specific capacity, energy density, and cost-effectiveness than commercial lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical applications of Li & horbar;S batteries are significantly limited by the shuttle effect caused by intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow redox kinetics. In this study, the molecular engineering of chalcone-linked, sp(2)-bonded nanographene-type covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as sulfur hosts is reported to enhance interactions with LiPSs, thereby effectively suppressing the shuttle effect. The developed sulfur-hosting cathode material demonstrated outstanding battery performance, surpassing most reported materials by achieving a specific capacity of 1228 mA h g(-1) at 0.5C, with 80% retention after 500 cycles and an average Coulombic Efficiency (C.E.) of 99%. Additionally, the mechanisms of sulfur immobilization, the subsequent conversion into lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and their binding energies with COFs are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These findings offer valuable insights into the structure-property relationships essential for developing more efficient sulfur-hosting cathodes.

10aanion-pi interaction10acovalent organic frameworks10alithium-sulfur battery10ananographene10apolysulfide shuttle1 aRanjeesh, Kayaramkodath, Chandran1 aJavaregowda, Bharathkumar, H.1 aGaber, Safa1 aBhauriyal, Preeti1 aKumar, Sushil1 aSkorjanc, Tina1 aFinsgar, Matjaz1 aHeine, Thomas1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam1 aShetty, Dinesh uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/heteroatom-synergistic-effect-anchoring-polysulfides-chalcone-linked-nanographene-covalent