02107nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260012300257300001000380490000700390520118100397653001601578653001401594653001501608653001501623653001501638653002301653100001801676700002001694700002401714856012701738       2008                        eng d  a0042-750000aCellular polyamines influence maturation and germination of somatic embryos from pro-embryonal masses of two grapevine cultivars0 aCellular polyamines influence maturation and germination of soma  aINST REBENZUCHTUNG GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANYbBUNDESANSTALT ZUCHTUNGS FORSCHUNG KULTURPFLANZENcJAN  a31-340 v473 a<p>Somatic embryos of grapevine multiply repeatedly and often fail to mature and germinate due to factors like dormancy and embryo teratology. The present investigation was carried out to improve the maturation and germination of somatic embryos from pro-embryonal masses (PEM) of 2A-Clone and `Crimson Seedless', two seedless grapevine cultivars. Also, the aim was to study a correlation between cellular and residual polyamine (PA) levels in PEM and culture media. The efficiency of maturation and germination of embryos from PEM varied significantly between the two cultivars and depended on incubation period and type of PAs in the medium. HPLC analysis showed that higher levels of cellular putrescine in PEM had correlation with maturation and germination percentages in both cultivars. The levels of three PAs depleted in the media rapidly indicating its uptake by PEM. Of the three PAs, putrescine (PUT) was the most effective and resulted in 100.0 or 92.0 % maturation at 14 d or 30 d in 2A-Clone or `Crimson Seedless', respectively. The maximum germination of somatic embryos was recorded with PUT at 14 d or 21 d in 2A-Clone or `Crimson Seedless', respectively.</p>10agermination10aGrapevine10amaturation10apolyamines10a`2A-Clone'10a`Crimson Seedless'1 aNookapaju, A.1 aBarreto, M., S.1 aAgrawal, Dinesh, C.  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/cellular-polyamines-influence-maturation-and-germination-somatic-embryos-pro-embryonal-002281nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260008200224300001200306490000700318520149900325653001601824653002601840653002201866653002301888100001801911700002401929856012201953       2013                        eng d  a0042-750000aUse of amino acids for a highly efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine `Crimson Seedless'0 aUse of amino acids for a highly efficient somatic embryogenesis   aGEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANYbJKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNGcJAN  a137-1400 v523 a<p>Somatic embryogenesis influenced by growth regulators and amino acids was studied in in vitro leaves of grapevine `Crimson Seedless'. In vitro leaves of the cultivar were collected from multiple shoot cultures maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 9 mu M N-6-benzyladenine (BA). Among the growth regulators used, BA at 4.5 mu M induced higher embryogenic response producing more number of somatic embryos per explant. This response was increased with the addition of 5 mu M naphthoxyl-acetic acid (NOA) to 1/2 MS containing 4.5 mu M BA. Further, supplementation of amino acids in the callus induction medium significantly improved the embryogenic response of in vitro leaves. The higher number of explants showing somatic embryo production (55.3 %) and higher number of somatic embryos per explant (15.5 per explant) were recorded with the supplementation of 5 mM phenylalanine to callus induction medium. Primary somatic embryos showed repetitive embryogenesis on % MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were transferred to soil-sand-peat mixture (1:1:1 v/v) and hardened plantlets were established in greenhouse with 90 % survival. This somatic embryogenesis system has been successfully used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in `Crimson Seedless' in our laboratory. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of amino acids for the high efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine.</p>10aAmino acids10asomatic embryogenesis10aVitis vinifera L.10a`Crimson Seedless'1 aNookaraju, A.1 aAgrawal, Dinesh, C.  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/use-amino-acids-highly-efficient-somatic-embryogenesis-grapevine-crimson-seedless-0