01722nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260010500225300001200330490000800342520079600350653001101146653003901157653005501196653001301251653003101264100002601295700002401321700003101345856011601376 2006 eng d a0253-413400aNon-catalytic pyrolysis of ethane to ethylene in the presence of CO2 with or without limited O-20 aNoncatalytic pyrolysis of ethane to ethylene in the presence of  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScMAY a261-2670 v1183 a

Influence of the presence Of CO2, which is a mild oxidant, on the performance of the thermal cracking of ethane to ethylene in the absence or presence of limited O-2 at different temperatures (750-900 degrees C), space velocities (1500-9000 h(-1)) and CO2/C2H6 and O-2/C2H6 mole ratios (0-2.0 and 0-0.3 respectively) has been investigated. In both the presence and absence of limited 02, ethane conversion increases markedly because of the presence Of CO2, indicating its beneficial effect on the ethane to ethylene cracking. The increased ethane conversion is, however, not due to the oxidation of ethane to ethylene by CO2; the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence Of CO2 is found to be very small. It is most probably due to the activation of ethane in the presence Of CO2.

10aethane10aethane cracking in presence Of CO210aethane cracking in presence of CO2 and limited O-210aEthylene10athermal cracking of ethane1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aMulla, Shafeek, Abdul Rash uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/non-catalytic-pyrolysis-ethane-ethylene-presence-co2-or-without-limited-o-2-002784nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245018600055210006900241260006100310300001000371490000800381520172800389653001602117653001102133653001302144653002202157653002402179100002902203700002102232700002002253700002102273700001302294700001702307700001802324700002802342856012402370 2008 eng d a1011-372X00aSelective oxidation of ethane over Mo-V-Al-O oxide catalysts: insight to the factors affecting the selectivity of ethylene and acetic acid and structure-activity correlation studies0 aSelective oxidation of ethane over MoVAlO oxide catalysts insigh a233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcFEB a39-510 v1213 a

Catalysts of general formula, MoVAlOx were prepared with the initial elemental composition of 1:0.34:0.167 (Mo:V:Al) at a pH value in the range of 1-4. The elemental analysis showed that the final composition of the catalysts is pH dependant. The performance of the catalysts was tested for selective oxidation of ethane to give ethylene and acetic acid. While all of them were active for ethane oxidation with a moderate conversion, the catalyst prepared at pH 2 showed a highest activity with 23% ethane conversion and a combined selectivity of 80.6% to ethylene and acetic acid. The catalyst prepared at pH 4 was least selective to ethylene and acetic acid. Various techniques like powder XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-Vis and EPR were used to characterize the catalysts and to identify the active phases responsible for the selective oxidation of ethane. The powder XRD data showed that the catalysts prepared at pH 1 and 2 contain mainly of MoO3 and MoV2O8 along with traces of Mo4O11. The amount of MoO3 was slightly higher in the catalyst prepared at pH 1. However, the catalyst prepared at pH 3 contains mainly of MoV2O8 with no trace of MoO3. The catalyst prepared at pH 4 showed V2O5 as the major phase along with MoVAlO4 phase. The Raman data corroborated the XRD results. EPR and UV-Vis studies indicated the presence of traces of V-4 in pH 1 and 2 catalysts and significant amount of Mo5+ in all the catalysts. Thus, the high activity and selectivity to ethylene and acetic acid are attributed to the presence of MoV2O8 phase and other reduced species like Mo4O11 phase supported on MoO3. The presence of V and Mo ions in a partially reduced form seems to play a crucial role in the selective oxidation of ethane.

10aAcetic acid10aethane10aEthylene10amixed metal oxide10aSelective oxidation1 aSankaranarayanan, T., M.1 aIngle, Rohit, H.1 aGaikwad, T., B.1 aLokhande, S., K.1 aRaja, T.1 aDevi, R., N.1 aRamaswamy, V.1 aManikandan, Palanichamy uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-oxidation-ethane-over-mo-v-al-o-oxide-catalysts-insight-factors-affecting-002124nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260008000225300001600305490000800321520120600329653001101535653002301546653002101569653000801590653003701598100001801635700001901653700002801672700001701700700002501717856012801742 2012 eng d a0027-842400aAmmonia clathrate hydrates as new solid phases for Titan, Enceladus, and other planetary systems0 aAmmonia clathrate hydrates as new solid phases for Titan Encelad a2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USAbNATL ACAD SCIENCEScSEP a14785-147900 v1093 a

There is interest in the role of ammonia on Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus as the presence of water, methane, and ammonia under temperature and pressure conditions of the surface and interior make these moons rich environments for the study of phases formed by these materials. Ammonia is known to form solid hemi-, mono-, and dihydrate crystal phases under conditions consistent with the surface of Titan and Enceladus, but has also been assigned a role as water-ice antifreeze and methane hydrate inhibitor which is thought to contribute to the outgassing of methane clathrate hydrates into these moons' atmospheres. Here we show, through direct synthesis from solution and vapor deposition experiments under conditions consistent with extraterrestrial planetary atmospheres, that ammonia forms clathrate hydrates and participates synergistically in clathrate hydrate formation in the presence of methane gas at low temperatures. The binary structure II tetrahydrofuran + ammonia, structure I ammonia, and binary structure I ammonia + methane clathrate hydrate phases synthesized have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulation, and Raman spectroscopy methods.

10aethane10ahydrate inhibitors10ahydrogen bonding10aice10asingle crystal X-ray diffraction1 aShin, Kyuchul1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aUdachin, Konstantin, A.1 aAlavi, Saman1 aRipmeester, John, A. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/ammonia-clathrate-hydrates-new-solid-phases-titan-enceladus-and-other-planetary-systems-002315nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000800249300001400257490000700271520160300278653001101881653001301892653001901905100002201924700001701946700002801963856013001991 2017 eng d00aHealable network polymers bearing flexible poly(Lauryl Methacrylate) chains via thermo-reversible furan-maleimide diels-alder reaction0 aHealable network polymers bearing flexible polyLauryl Methacryla cAUG a2700-27120 v553 aA new ATRP initiator containing two furyl rings, namely, bis(furan-2-ylmethyl) 2-bromopentanedioate was synthesized starting from commercially available L-glutamic acid as a precursor. Well-defined bisfuryl-terminated poly(lauryl methacrylate) macromonomers with molecular weight and dispersity in the range 5000-12,000 g mol(-1) and 1.30-1.37, respectively, were synthesized employing the initiator by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Independently, 1,1',1"(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)) tris(1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) was synthesized as a tris-maleimide counterpart for furan-maleimide click reaction. Thermo-reversible network polymer bearing flexible poly(lauryl methacrylate; (PLMA) chains was obtained by furan-maleimide Diels-Alder click reaction of bisfurylterminated PLMA with 1,1',1"-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)) tris(1Hpyrrole-2,5-dione). The prepared network polymer showed retro-Diels-Alder reaction in the temperature range 110-170 degrees C as determined from DSC analysis. The presence of low Tg (-40 degrees C) PLMA chains induced chain mobility to the network structure which led to the complete scratch healing of the coating at 60 degrees C in five days due to furan-maleimide adduct formation. The storage modulus of the network polymer was found to be 3.7 x 10(4) Pa at the constant angular frequency of 5 rad/ sec and strain of 0.5%. The regular reversal of storage (G0) and loss modulus (G") was observed with repeated heating (40 to 110 degrees C) and cooling cycles (110 to 40 degrees C) at constant angular frequency and strain. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.10aethane10aMonomers10apolymerization1 aPatil, Sachin, S.1 aTorris, Arun1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/healable-network-polymers-bearing-flexible-polylauryl-methacrylate-chains-thermo-reversible